阿甘正传

B | “七月十五定旱涝，八月十五定收成”。民以食为天，粮食是安天下、稳民心的战略产业，是党中央、国务院的牵挂。今年秋粮长势如何？丰收基础如何？最近的秋季干旱对粮食可能造成什么影响？一起来看本期快问快答↓↓↓问：今年秋粮长势如何？答：全国大部地区秋粮长势较好。农业农村部最新农情调度显示，目前玉米、大豆和中稻等作物普遍进入灌浆成熟期，除南方地区局部受旱长势偏差外，全国大部地区秋粮长势较好，特别是占秋粮产量一半以上的玉米长势总体好于上年，夺取丰收有基础、有希望。

C |     The Indian rupee has shrugged off its early gain of up to 0.5 percent on Thursday trading, as experts predicted more depreciation despite a slew of measures announced by the Reserve Bank of India to boost foreign exchange.,The rupee rose as much as 0.5 percent making the dollar worth 78.90, but it lost momentum in the afternoon, touching 79.255 per dollar in day trading.,"A few weeks back, the RBI tried to control the rupee's fall, but that proved to be short-lived. The measures announced by the RBI on Wednesday will temporarily hold the rupee's fall. Still, it will not last long as the demand-supply gap for the dollar is enormous," Devendra Kumar Mishra, a Delhi-based financial advisor, told Sputnik.,India's central bank exempted commercial banks from cash reserve ratio (CRR) and statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) requirements on foreign exchange deposits into these banks.,The RBI has also removed interest rate caps on deposits invested for more than a year, allowing commercial banks to offer higher interests on foreign currency bank accounts held by non-residents and non-resident external accounts.,Western Investors Set to Return to India, EMEs as Expert Predicts 'Multiple Recessions' in US, EU4 July, 16:14 GMT,Foreign portfolio investors, which removed around $33Bln from Indian equities since the beginning of the year, can now invest in India's short-term bond for less than a year without any limit.,Indian firms can also borrow up to $1.5Bln from foreign lenders, up from the previous $750Mln limit.,Ajay Seth, India's Economic Affairs secretary, said on Thursday that measures provide broad options for prospective investors that may assist the rupee against the dollar.,"We do expect the headwinds to subside over time. Considering the nature of challenges, the measures are also transitory," Seth said.,The RBI data showed that India's total external debt stands at $621Bln against foreign exchange reserves of $593.3Bln as of 24 June, 2022. Of this debt, India will have to pay $267.7Bln in less than a year, and $59.6Bln is due to be paid within the next one or two years. The remaining debt is scheduled to be paid after three years from now.,However, Parag Kar, vice-president of Government Affairs for India and South Asia at Qualcomm, says short-term debt repayment obligations have always been high - in the region of 40 to 45 percent.,"It doesn't matter whether debt obligations are at par or exceed forex reserves, since taking debt and paying up is a continuous process. Hence, we maintain that net outflow on account of this will be small in proportion to forex," Parag Kar said.,The RBI said it has stepped in as required in all segments to alleviate dollar tightness and ensure orderly market functioning. However, observers of currency markets see continued depreciation of the rupee.,"The rupee has strong technical support at 79.50 against a dollar," Anuj Gupta, vice-president of IIFL Securities, claims.,Want to know more? Check out our Koo & Telegram accounts!。问：丰收基础如何？答：得益于政策调动播种积极性，农田建设加快推进，今年秋粮面积稳中有增，产能持续巩固。政策扶持让种粮面积有保障。今年，国家继续在主产区实行最低收购价政策，稻谷、小麦最低收购价均有所提高，三大主粮市场价格都比较好。

D | 针对农资价格上涨、种粮成本上升的情况，中央财政先后多次对实际种粮农民进行一次性补贴。

E | 同时，中央财政下达了稻谷补贴、玉米大豆生产者补贴、耕地地力保护补贴、产粮（油）大县奖励等一揽子政策资金。国家还扩大三大粮食作物完全成本保险和种植收入保险实施范围，让种粮收益有基本保障。

F | 农田建设让耕地产能有提升。按照规划，今年全国将新建1亿亩高标准农田，其中，高效节水灌溉面积1500万亩。高标准农田建设对增强农业防灾减灾能力、实现粮食稳产增产具有重要作用，有利于实现高质量建设、高效率管理、高水平利用。问：最近的秋季干旱对粮食可能造成什么影响？答：7月份以来，长江流域持续高温少雨，江河来水偏少，水位持续走低，旱情发展十分迅速。

G | 当前正值秋粮产量形成的关键阶段，长江流域是我国粮食重要产区，特别是秋粮所占比重更大，容不得半点疏忽。

H | 玉米是最主要的秋粮作物，今年全国玉米种植面积总体稳定，目前大部地区正在灌浆，长势普遍较好。

I | 其中，东北地区玉米产量约占全国的45％，春播以来积温足、降水多、墒情好，灾害明显轻于常年，除局部因涝长势偏差外，大部玉米长势好于上年，增产趋势明显。黄淮海地区玉米产量约占全国的三成，大部地区墒情适宜，玉米有望实现恢复性增产。西北地区玉米产量约占全国的13％，今年受旱明显轻于上年和常年，预计也是增产趋势。南方地区玉米产量约占全国的13％，高温干旱导致局部玉米受灾，受灾面积1100多万亩，仅占南方玉米面积的一成，损失总体有限。水稻是六成中国人的口粮，也是重要的秋粮作物。

J | 今年，全国水稻面积基本稳定，早稻已经丰收到手，目前东北地区水稻长势较好，南方中稻受高温干旱影响局部受灾，损失有限，晚稻还在孕穗期。此外，8月25日起，南方大部地区高温消退，出现多轮降雨，加上各地积极抗旱浇水，旱情有所缓解，利于秋粮作物灾后恢复和产量形成。（经济日报记者 乔金亮 吉蕾蕾）返回搜狐，查看更多责任编辑：