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Italian lawmakers approve 10 million euros for long-delayed Holocaust Museum in Rome_我的网站

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一 | 我们对抗癌症--乃至所有疾病--的最大武器是我们的免疫系统，但即使它有时也需要一个帮手。 MILAN -- Italian lawmakers voted unanimously Wednesday to back a long-delayed project to build a Holocaust Museum in Rome, underlining the urgency of the undertaking following the killing of Israeli civilians by Hamas fighters in what have been deemed the deadliest attacks on Jews since the Holocaust.The measure includes 10 million euros ($10.5 million) in funding over three years for construction of the exhibits, and 50,000 euros in annual operational funding to establish the museum, a project that was first envisioned nearly 20 years ago. Recalling the execution of an Israeli Holocaust survivor during the Oct. 7 attacks in Israel, lawmaker Paolo Formentini from the right-wing League party told the chamber, "We thought that events of this kind were only a tragic memory. Instead, it is an ancient problem that is reappearing like a nightmare.”The Holocaust Museum project was revived last spring by Premier Giorgia Meloni’s far-right-led government. It languished for years due to bureaucratic hurdles but also what many see as a reluctance to examine the role of Italy’s fascist regime as a perpetrator of the Holocaust.The president of the 16-year-old foundation charged with overseeing the project, Mario Venezia, said Italy’s role in the Holocaust, including the fascist regime’s racial laws excluding Jews from public life, must be central to the new museum. The racial laws of 1938 are viewed as critical to laying the groundwork for the Nazi Holocaust in which 6 million Jews were murdered.Of Italy's 44,500 Jews, 7,680 were killed in the Holocaust, according to the Yad Vashem Museum in Jerusalem. Many were rounded up by the German SS using information provided by Italy’s fascist regime and, according to historians, even ordinary Italians.“Denial has always been part of the history of World War II, taking various insidious forms, from complicit silence to the denial of facts,’’ said Nicola Zingaretti, a Democratic Party lawmaker whose Jewish mother escaped the Oct. 16, 1943 roundup of Roman Jews; his maternal great-grandmother did not and perished in a Nazi death camp. “The Rome museum will therefore be important as an authoritative and vigilant of protector of memory,'' Zingaretti told the chamber before the vote. The city of Rome has identified part of Villa Torlonia, which was the residence of Italy’s fascist dictator Benito Mussolini from 1925-43, as the site for the museum, but details were still being finalized, Venezia said.。免疫疗法提供了这种帮助，其中一种方法即所谓的免疫检查点抑制剂。

二 | 这些药物能有效地解除免疫反应的自然刹车，从而使其能更长时间地跟癌症作斗争。尽管到目前为止这些药物看起来很有希望，但它们对一开始就没有什么免疫活动的“冷 ”肿瘤不起作用。因此，另一种类型的药物被称为STING激动剂，旨在将这些冷肿瘤激发为热肿瘤，从而使其更容易接受免疫疗法。但这些药物也有其缺点--即很难将它们瞄准癌细胞。

三 | 而这正是这项新研究的意义所在。来自耶鲁大学和URI的研究人员使用了一种叫做低pH插入肽(pHLIP)的分子来引导药物到它需要去的地方。pHLIP被吸引到酸性环境中，就像癌症在自身周围形成的那种环境一样，非常方便。

四 | 该研究的论文共同作者Donald Engelman说道：“当pHLIP遇到具有中性pH值的细胞膜时，它将短暂地坐在表面，然后拉走。但如果它处于酸性环境中，那么该肽就会折叠成一个螺旋，穿过细胞膜并停留在那里。”该团队将pHLIP跟STING激动剂结合起来，从而使前者将后者带到癌细胞并帮助它们在内部开始工作。在小鼠身上的测试证明是有希望的--研究人员给20只患有小结肠肿瘤的小鼠注射了pHLIP-STING，发现在一次注射后，18只小鼠的肿瘤在几天内完全消失了。在另一组有较大肿瘤的小鼠中，10只小鼠中有7只看到它们的肿瘤完全消失。相比之下，另一组10只小鼠只接受了STING，它们没有pHLIP的指导。所有10只小鼠的肿瘤生长都略有减缓，但肿瘤仍然存在。这种治疗甚至似乎具有持久的效果。研究小组将新的癌细胞注射到已无肿瘤的小鼠体内，结果60天后没有新的肿瘤出现，这表明免疫记忆已经形成。